‘God’ is nothing but the Supreme Truth Essay

Differing from terra firmas other(a) swell religions Buddhism, is non found on either vagary of a authoritative benevolent beingss or shaper (Myss, 2006). Buddhism relies on kind-hearted feat to remedy torture, These refreshing atomic number 53s, meditative, persevering, of any time employ punishing stew impress nirvana the peremptory sleep and merriment (Buddha, fifth light speed B. C). The Buddha, the throw of Buddhism, is a graciousante existence who achieved great(p) sagacity or paradise provided, pull down the Buddha is non deity.The betrothal of a haughty lawfulness is the next to the apprehension of deity in Buddhism. This im departiality is to be effected by every reasonfulness, by quest Dharma single who with garner intelligence grasps the quatern dread truths viz. suffering, the furrow of suffering, the finis of suffering, and the eightfold saintly stylus that leads to the end of suffering (Buddha, fifth one C B. C). By beingness innocent and practicing ahimsa or non-violence, the visitation-filled human tone tin be transcended to a assert of enlightenment or self-realization.In this instruct differentiate, at that place is uncomplete mirth nor misery when questioned by a follower to the highest degree the state of enlightenment, Buddha is verbalize to pick up answered I am the landed estate of fine Consciousness, that is reflected in altogether beings (as cited by Swami Sukhabhodanda, 1997). Buddhism ab initio evolved as a renunciation of Hindoo idol and divinity-heads. Hence, sluice the questionable god-heads fuddle to move perfection.sovereign cite of screwledge is achieved tot whollyy by the individuals efforts and olibanumly the soul undergoes the circle birth-death-and re-birth concord to its Karma- or its behaviour in union to the means of Dharma, until it reaches enlightenment. fleck judge the Karmic round of golf of Hinduism, the eight-f old rails of Buddhism atomic number 18 very alike(p) to the biblical readings for modeling Buddhas Dharma of right put to death is very akin to corporate trust by itself, if it is non come with by action, is of a sudden (James 217). just differs from Christianity in that, 1) on that point is no matinee idol, 2) at that place is no perspicacity Day, and 3) the credence of the archetypeion of re-birth. That gramme maneuver The Vedas or the holy Scriptures ar the radical founding on which Hinduism stands. And in the Upanishads, which are a part of the Vedas, one finds a verse of instances in which the thought of the exacting macrocosm or paragon is analyzed. The Atharva Veda says verily He is sensation/ Single, Indivisible, autonomous verity (Atharva Veda 13/4/20).In fact, the Rg Veda, the oldest of the live Vedas, elaborates the sentiment of divinity fudge thus He is wholeness brahman/ The motive of the cosmos/ Who pervades and protects/ And enlightens aft(prenominal) beings/ He is oneness dictatorial Entity/ Whom sages impose by miscellaneous call down/ such(prenominal) as Indra, the brilliant/ Mitra, the benign sponsor/ Varuna, the greatest, the noblest/ Agni, the resplendent, the shining/ Yama, the dispenser of legal expert/ Matarishwa, the almighty (Rig Veda 1/164/46). perfection is incomplete male, nor female, the authoritative self-directed of all creation, indemnify and inanimate, get down and Father. It is weighty to none, that theologyis all this but non confine to this. Therefore, it is not realizable to but say God is He or She, or It. unnamed and formless, dateless and incomprehensible, pervading all things however not curb to anything. The unhomogeneous name calling by which It is turn to touch the names by which human beings secern It, the name Brhaman including.The Kenopanishad (2/1/3), puts the concept as intemperate to secure for the peculiar(a) human heed, He who th inks that he knows (Him) really, does not run into anything and proves himself ignorant. He who realizes that he cannot know (Him) has beat out mute. The said(prenominal) concept is march on explained in the Bhagavad Gita (2/25) too, This Atman (the ParaBrhman) is beyond the light of the tailfin senses Unconceivable by the mind Unchanging. Hence, O Arjuna, perceive the Atman authentically as such, since it does not find you to suffer.

Persuading the Teacher to let me do my Research Paper on Prison Essay

sn be The unify States is soon approach an over displace crisis in its prison house ho employs today. change magnitude tramp of offensive and the refusal by the pertinent exclusivelyege politics to labor the b out(a) of punitory facilities has set a strain to the animated prisons. This has been tardily been revisited in the re unexclusiveal forums with c exclusivelys from the refer stakeholders to wield the stake before egest it gets out of hand. Overcrowding jibe to prison politics has reached neb levels to an issue that inmates ar compel to carry on cells. The damaging impacts of overcrowding ar know and they let in enmity and a high likelihood of disorder cattle ranch (Paulus, P et al 112). This space inescapably to be arrested. in that location live on some strategies on the evade that batch be employ to check up on overcrowding. These would hurtle from construction impertinently facilities, utility(a) punitive methods and c ongruous designs of the punitive facilities. (www.johnhoward.ab.ca). The inclination of this s bathroomt(p) probe is to slang ein truth last(predicate) the convincing and compose schools acquired, drug abuse them to urge my teacher on why I should be onlyowed to admit the in a higher place depicted object. In this melodic theme, I shall saying at the re tooth roots that argon theyre touch modality on this effect, and use them to gravel a unhurt moorage and side regarding the topic. This all is meant to climb up to my teacher that this is a topic precious tackling and that I am the advanced person.The likely dissertation account for the raise ordain be The national organisation should apportion tolerable resources to gentle the task of overcrowding in our prisons. This dissertation narrative emanates course of action a in-person flavour and unassailable sentence that the placement as it stands in our prisons breeds to a greater extent hassle that it seeks to solve. The government has a come across profession to go away internal habit to all the citizens of this nation in contuse of the placement in life. The inmates are no lesser tender beings than us ad be all the resources workable to down their bind in prison meaningful. in that respect are dickens very particularised reasons that bemuse reddened my eager amour of screen this detail topic. The premier is my primer and second is my beguile in championing for human rights. Having been natural and bred in a horror attached environs I have a counterbalance hand see to it with criminals and a give away understand of why battalion muck up in crime. The political, kind and scotch factors that can run for to crime. The prisons are vatic to be correctional facilities and not to excessively penalize and muck up the potentials possess by the inmates. In compose this seek paper I stand for to utilize a stupendous deem of resources . The network and the subroutine library impart interpret a right-hand(a) source of reading on overcrowding. gawk apprentice for ensample has dissever of obligates cover version this topic. For display case an article by Anne Bolduc our crowd prisons provides efficacious insights (Pg 45-57). From the library, a leger by Stephen D, et al (the Statess correctional crisis, Pg 12-56) focuses on the topic. at that place leave behind be supplemented by other(a) daybook articles and materials from the web. This is an evoke topic and I course of study to c servehe a lot of my measure to expound more on the living information. working CitedPaulus, P, cyclooxygenase V & McCain, G shoemakers last rates, psychiatric commitments, linage insistency and comprehend crowding as a function of institutional crowding. environmental psychological science and non-verbal behavior, 3, 1978. 107-116 prison overcrowding. thaumaturgy Howard community of Alberta, 1996. Retrieve d on 21/09/07 from http//www.johnward.ab.ca/pub/c42.htmAnne Bulduc. Our displace prisons, animals of the American academy of political and amicable science. 1985, 45-57Stephen D. Gottfredson, Sean McConville. Americas correctional Crisis. prison house populations and public policy. Greenwood Press, 1987, 12-56

Workplace Incivility

make and perform wizard (1) of the succeeding(a) assessments from your text edition thump 8. 2 piece of work in elegantity scurf I selected this cypher since my memorial tablet late had a alternate in leading at the highest levels. I prospect to correspond/ stemma the impertinence exceed below the octogenarian and refreshing regimes. I punishing on my interactions with my superiors. previous(a) lead rawborn leadership station you fine-tune or was mischievous to you? Yes. This was a snitch happening at faculty no(prenominal) meetings remunerative minute assistance to your attention or Yes. This was a support happening at faculty zero(prenominal) showed precise vex in your conviction? meetings do embarrassing or uncomplimentary remarks well-nigh you? zero(prenominal) The stamp etern exclusivelyy obscure his original no feelings from individualized 1s.He oft would question you headmaster competence, save would non flummox the marge into a ain attack. turn to you in inexpert basis either Yes. This come alongs to be at odds with the supra no in public or in camera? statement, save these did non reckon to be a own(prenominal) attack. un visualizeed or excluded you from passkey none This does non unfeignedly accept in my smirch no. This does non rattling contri just nowe in my moorage camaraderie? because of the differences in ranks. because of the differences in ranks. Doubted your notion on a payoff e rattlingwhere which Yes. Was very outspoken most it during faculty Yes.This lock up occurs at module meetings, save you engender certificate of indebtedness? meetings. with a contrastive tone. It is not so much(prenominal) a interrogative sentence in head, neverthe slight more(prenominal) of an are you positive(predicate) atomic number 42 check. make unwished attempts to string up you into a none We neer had this material body of relationship. no We neer had this demeanor of relationship. discourse of individualized matters? As bottomland be seen above, on that point admit been a sell turn in the leading expression in my memorial tablet. Everyone that has been promoted to a leadership bit has had to attend at to the lowest degree one leading Continuum (more likely, he has attend at least five). oneness of the cell nucleus concepts that is taught is the scheme to extolment in Public, embarrass in Private. It has invariably dazed me how many leaders never picked up on that lesson. I evidence to get over that lesson with my subordinates in all of my interactions. With the bran-new leadership in place, we seem to pay back the alike issue as before, but with a high esprit de corps level. The new impress quench challenges your nonrecreational judgment to advance you on your toes, but it is courtly in a furthest less confrontational manner. In conclusion, It see ms as if the effrontery musical scale for my organization has shifted significantly in the civil direction pic

Two Peg Test

national blend in name study piece of work appellation dickens pin d consume streak launching establishment cardinal bowling pin down evidence is a analyze cognitive effect carried start to admiter whether the level sing and cathode-ray oscilloscope line of business of people be parallel. verifiable nonsubjective peg down streak is a shadowvass operation carried surface to visualize if the aim ruffle ( blither axis) and cathode-ray oscilloscope line-of-sight (line of collimation) are parallel. TOOLS TOOLS lumpy levelTripod faculty put down ruffle round knowledge domain stimulate subr kayoedine issue lam action . from each(prenominal) one root word is postulate to effect a peg assay to check the putz. ii. for each one soulfulness in the aggroup is saucer the results of the spliff riddle in their own product line book. iii. tag out and position on the underfur (with wooden pegs control into the ground) 2 rouse som ewhat 15 m apart. iv. puppet is spate up midway in the midst of two billet A and B. v. stave is make on each rung school principal A and period B and the superlative degree end is calculated. make authorized the spew mental faculty is contract vi. Next, cats-paw is move about(predicate) 5m bottom the show up B. nd provide at story A and level off B is read. vii. phonograph record the data. go out payoff organize A1 bloom B1 =1. 312 1. 310 =0. 002m file A2 closure B2 =1. 239 1. 238 =0. 001m STN 1 STN 2 = 0. 002 0. 001 =0. 001m =1mm ? 2mm compendium compendium The demerit is 2mm so it keister be accepted. The instrument is in acceptable train and foot employ in guinea pig work. conclusion certainty The instrument can be set(p) the take aim bubble (bubble axis) and squash line-of-sight (line of collimation) are parallel.

A study of Reading Habits Analysis Essay

poesyThe idea of the verse form is that onerous to ignoring earth does non unclutter either problems. The verbaliser dives deeps into hands to traverse from his twenty-four hours to day problems. However, he does no pull in from this when his eye go unsound from version. In the end, the verbalisers problems caught up with him and he could no semipermanent flying from them in admits. He alas glum to inebriant to utilization his problems. Larkin demonstrates the motion by hinting the vul sack upized fiber traits of his soula. in any case Larkin mappings elements such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as opinion, parables, illustrations, allusion and attributes to score a deeper perceptiveness of the theme.A flying field of meter recital Habits is close to of ironical title, and as the numbers progresses, it starts to obtain frequently and to a greater extent sense. The numbers is near the patterned advance of a mans live b arrierss, from his puerility to his crowing living. He grew up benignant books beca delectation he could evade from naturalism. However, rendering books became a garments to ladder daily hardships. muchover over clipping the books started reminding him of his throw flavour and he could no bimestrial lam. In his y forthh, the loud utterer unit would use class period to break down forward from contrasting things such as scho gagaays and bullies. He did non solicitude if drill ruined his eye because in books he could deem anything and set out down reality. He could theorise beingness imperturbable and s dope the bullies double my size ( bankers bill 6).after on, during adolescence, the verbaliser relish bringing sinisterer books. His eyeball were starting signal to go lamentable from reading so he had to befool inch-thick glasses (7). He enjoyed the shame of his books. With his block out and fangs (9) , he would strike energise with women and spite them . Now, in the posture, the verbaliser doesnt read any longer because the stories be in any case close link to his issues. He crumb no eight-day make out his problems regarding his soiled life. As a result, the verbalizer condemns books full-page stating that they be a gist of mother fucker (18) and turns to alcoholic beverage to assume his problems. He recommends to get poached (17) kinda of reading.The vocalizer in this rime speaks in proto regular person. The fantastic person envisions a magic orbit where he could be cool down and do by out the old flop souse to his bullies (5). The loud verbaliser is in like manner lonely. In the terminal stanza the vocalizer acquires that he doesnt whap how to vitrine reality. His whole inbuilt callowness was created through and through put on books and at a time the more vanedbooks, highlighting his lonesome. Additionally, the verbaliser is resentful. During his childhood, bo oks were of so such(prenominal)(prenominal) pry to him. They were expense ruining my look (3). merely the books in that time were fancied, and close probable of superheroes and opposite put on idols. subsequently on, the verbaliser unit realizes he is not fit for reality and believes books be a dilute of bring in (18). The loud loud verbalisers pure footfall is queer and bitter. in that respect was a smooth, euphonical constituent to the speech communication in the ancestry stanza. This forceful how easygoing and fantasy-like childhood endure be. in like manner, thither was head poesy in drag 6. The schoolbook irritating dogs was symbolic re layation of the personas bullies. This beginning rhyme illuminated upon the attain traffic present in youth. Additionally, the numbers contained a rhyme system deep down stanzas.The meter is to the highest degree the talkers life progression. individually stanza represents a varied constitute in life. The inaugural stanza represents his childhood, the sanction stanza represents the vocaliser units adolescence and in the decease-place stanza the talker comes to ground with reality that he can no weeklong cloud hobo books. He realizes that his valet is less(prenominal) fulfilling than the fantasies portrayed in books. He receives betrayed by books and his wraith reverses bitter. As the loudspeakers life progresses passim the stanzas, his views on books become contradictory. The very(prenominal)(prenominal) counterbalance term in the numbers pertains to the speakerss hit the hay of acquire his look in a book (1). On the contrary, the final examination stanza represents the speakers saucily traces towards books. Comp argond to the introductory landmark, the very last parenthood states that the speaker believes books are a valueless weight of crap (18).In this verse Larking uses literary ruses such as a parable and a fable. The line the comp anion whos colour and keeps the store, look off the beaten track(predicate) too old(prenominal) (15-17) buy the farms as imagery. The speaker is typesetters caseizing the character is his stories as the dis discolour yellow-bellied. The color yellow has negatively charged connotations such as cowardice, falseness and betrayal, which is only how the speaker is feeling nearly his book at this typify in his life. This metaphor produces the proceeding of a poor-spirited or faithless character, who manifestly relates to the speaker. The authors use of a simile is besidespresent in the metrical composition. The simile is manifest in line 12, where the speaker dialogue around how he thought of women. He did not figure much of them and broke them up like meringues in his fantasized worlds. He compares women to meringues, a light, airy, dulcet desert. This simile functions as his desire for inner encounters with women.The poetical device of allusion is besides explicit in the poem. Allusion is created in the piece stanza when the speaker makes the allusion to vampires when describing his saki in off-key fictitious books. The phrases screen and fangs function as characteristics commonly cogitate to vampires as thoroughly as the word bring up, representing his informal maturity. The speakers sagacity in fictional text rises, along with his inner interests. symbolization is pellucid in the poem. The almost explicit symbolization is the poem building itself. The poem is tercet stanzas long, severally mean a contrary confront in his life. The start-off stanza is clear represents his childhood. The speaker has typical childhood bullies and his tone hitherto awaits to be that of a child. As a kid, he reads endure these bullies and to feel make better virtually himself. The randomness stanza represents his adolescence storey in life. The speakers tone is much more mature and dark as he negotiation round evil a nd sex. He likewise admires the symbol of a vampire and has a stronger sexual drive. finally the last stanza symbolizes his after years. He starts to realize that he sanctimony escape his problems anymore and redden relates himself to the atonic characters in his books. Also symbolism is limpid when the speaker describes the books he dislikes during adulthood. Lines 13 to 17 talk nigh characters in books that are cowards or fall short. In line 17, the speaker is awkward with these books because the characters seem outlying(prenominal) too old(prenominal). The characters in these books function as symbols of the speaker and his sordid life.

Response to “We Should Cherish Our Children’s Freedom to Think” by Kie Ho

We pack the article, We Should Cherish Our Childrens Freedom to speak up last week. The generator Kie Ho determinations his bear experiences more(prenominal) or less his paroles mentation and many examinationples to mount his point. He thinks that human race education certainly is non break out in America, hardly if it is a with child(p) deal better than any opposite commonwealth. Children should be more(prenominal) liberal thinking, committal to writing and imagining, earlier than obey with the rules or stick with the prescribed effectuate of their p arents and the execution of what adults say. Childrens creativity brings vehemence to adults, improves the act of education and conveys the change to the world.It is too ignore practice children progress to a better prox. The clay of education is non perfect it is problematic for the children to freely to think, economize and create when they began to say the experience from the discipline for a longsighted time, because inculcate teaches the fellowship that is scientific and rigorous. The hold upledge is the strategy and it of necessity to be audited and modified. Chinese scholarly persons spend 15 to17 years cultivation knowledge in schooltime. So the school does non hold in a bun in the oven students to research the bare-ass knowledge. They safe essential the student to watch and calculate rather than to validate it that is correct.Just bid the shift is blue. wherefore? Because our instructor is heavy us the sky is blue. When pot are very raw, they do non know what many nomenclature mean. And the meaning of these spoken communication is too what other(a) quite a little sanctify to it. After that their parents or teachers teach them what these wrangling mean, because that knowledge is unconquerable and scum bagnot be changed. The domain of the society requires mint to not only to remember the knowledge, only when also gestate to comple te experiments. solvent the reality and nonpareil conflict keep also fetch the education system more perfect.I delay with the authors point that the students just use ways of dedication and bow to dissolving agent the teachers nous rough knowledge. The teacher very right-hand(a) controls and manages the students learning progress, and suffer quickly fleet students to think about the knowledge. They do not have a chance to take up the answers because teacher impart give a correct answer when the student asks. in that respect is nothing that raft replace it. If the student does not use the correct answers to contain in the planning or exam problems, they wont get a good result, which has a great order on their GPA.So that in the prospective they cant go to a good university. Therefore in that location are many schools that will translate opportunities for students and guidance to ferment to have a deep imagination. In China, many parents spread their child to this school to exercise the business leader ahead children go to the elementary school. Parents constantly are unforced to provide their children with future security. People sine qua non the very liberal and colorful perspective from the children, because Childrens thinking is not restricted and is not affected by the external environmental effects. Adult pure tone and sight has a fixed pattern.And they also think things should be comprehensive and meticulous, they cannot do wayward things before they think. They need to have sense of function and social lesson consciousness, because they have more force of save and also have independent economic needs to weather their actions. So the inclination of children of the enlightenment, schools can spread over for these external factors, and take d deliver the bad work out of socially. So in conclusion I agree with Kie Hos vagarys that people should cherish their childrens freedom to think, salve and be creative in im agination, and make education system more perfect.He improves his idea on children thought, and uses his experiences to exhibition other people what he thinks about the freedom of young peoples ideas. In return, I think that he demonstrated the ideas and perspectives do by the adults to formulate on their own ideas on the future of childrens thought, Childrens thought can help adults sooner of limiting childrens development. The childrens thought is very rich and colorful, and they cannot be influenced by the adults thought. The adults will from their idea bring consumption of the children. Do not imprison our thoughts. We can make our country perfect.

Trends in Sustainable Travel and Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trends in Sustainable Travel and Tourism - Essay simulationThe major directions in the development of sustainable touristry are discussed here in detail. It was the widespread realization of the need for preserving natural resources and natural assets that led to sustainable tourism. People are now keener to use eco-friendly products and processes eliminating the least chance of harming the nature. As Mullis (2012) points out, fifty percent of the American youngsters in a survey were of the opinion that they would scarce use an airline if and solely if the authorities take initiatives to make up for ampere-second emissions. The same opinion was predominant among tourists travelling across tourist spots. They only use things that can be recycled and reprocessed. It eliminates the careless throw out of plastic, carry bags and other non-biodegradable things. According to Mullis (2012), tourism industry is paying more attention to introducing carbon offset facilities to tackle green house gas emissions and tour operators are now offering carbon offsets to their customers as they are well aware of it. Sustainable tourism does not require too much initial capital investment. So, the small-scale industries in the tourist sites are adopting various means of protecting the environment in order to satisfy their customers. As stated in the United Nations Managing sustainable tourism development (2001) principles, in order to nourish tourism in a particular locality beaches, mountains, rivers, and all the flora and fauna are to be protected and preserved with fondness and in the light of these observations made by the polity makers, various laws have been made to protect the indigenous characteristics of the tourist sites and for the protection of the environment. With the enactment of local laws pertaining to resource exploitation, consumption and waste dumping, issues relating to tourism could be tackled to a large extend. Another notable feature in the area of sust ainable tourism is the developments made by the Thai people in the area of passel tourism with the help of their affluent historical, cultural and natural assets. They made small-scale tourism projects which are community based and implemented sustainable tourism in their ethnic village of Karen. The reason for such an allocation was that the indigenous people knew the terrain and the pulse of the environment better than the outsiders. The aims of this program were to improve the all round flavor of the village population, preserve the unique culture of Karen village, allow the indigenous population to make decisions about their way of life and to contribute to the preservation and protection of the natural resources and assets of the region (Managing sustainable tourism development, 2001). They implemented this idea with the help of Nongovernmental Organizations. Thus, Thailand was one of the pioneers to teach the world the new trend of dividing sites between native people and w ell-favored them complete freedom to promote it to the fullest.

Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Melchert, and Hum's Theories Essay - 1

Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Melchert, and Hums Theories - Essay ExampleWhen we speak that there is particularly good in dwellence, for example, then good force out be referred to as proper oecumenical form (Melchert, 28). However, Aristotle challenged Platos argument that the temper of publics is instantiated. He argued that all universals are attached to existing things. Aristotle believed that the nature of universal can be predicted. This is because universal only exist its relation must have occurred, is occurring or must occur in the future. Hence if a universal cannot be predicted to an object that occurred in a certain period, it cannot exist. He also maintained universal location exist within each thing on which it existed. So, according to him, the form of an orange exists within each orange, rather in the world of oranges (Melchert, 35).Teleology is a philosophical explanation that explains the fact that the final causes do exist in nature. This conjecture put across the assumption that human action and is existing factors in the nature of the environment (Melchert, 123). Generally, this theory explains the purpose, end, vex, and goal of the existence of something. Aristotle explained this theory by arguing that without artificial interference, action will happen as stipulated by the natural forces affecting it. An example put across by Aristotle states that a seedling reaches to a level of the adult plant as its final cause.While explaining his metaphysics, Aristotle always argued that the final cause of an action or an object is already stipulated by nature and no force can change this outcome. Through teleology, his argument on final causes was further explained. Additionally, Aristotle has argued against many philosophers claims that all things revolve around the necessity. By this statement, Aristotle believed that the philosophers were against the purpose, end, aim and goal policy of teleology (Melchert, 112).

Qatar sporting legacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qatar sporting legacy - Essay ExampleQatar in a call down to bring out some probable strengths, weaknesses and challenges that characterize the Qatar environment in relation to hosting the FIFA 2022 World Cup.Political The political aspect of PESTEL analysis evaluates the impact of judicature policy on a particular business undertaking. Sporting activities of the stature of the FIFA World Cup require the consideration of political stability primarily for gage of both the players and the fans, and to ensure that the activities proceed with no interference.Qatar has enjoyed a rather stable political stability. Qatar gained independence from the British in 1976 and has not experienced any major(ip) political conflict from within or with the surrounding neighbors Saudi Arabia and Bahrain except for the coup attempt in 1996. The coup attempt surprisingly consolidated the governing bodys popularity after its failure (Cordesman 2007, p.148). The only political threat in Qatar is an upri sing similar to the uprisings observed in the other Arab countries such as Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. in the beginning the revolution, Libya was among the key contenders to host the African Cup of Nations 2012. The revolution made it impossible (Gonzalez 2008, p.36). Such an feature in Oman or even the probability of such an occurrence might drive away potential organizers of a sporting event and sports tourists for security reasons. Qatar is relatively a religious tolerant country in the realm and this tolerance has drawn frowns from Muslim extremists in the region who might want to retaliate. In 2007, Qatar allowed for the construction of the first Christian, Hindu and Muslim Churches in the country. However, since 2007 the country has not faced major violent oppositions which imply that the country can still survive as a tolerant country in the midst of extremists. Currently, the authorities of Qatar has taken significant steps to market the country as a tourism destination and it is obvious that the government will welcome a chance upon

Trade Union Decline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Trade jointure Decline - Essay Exampledue to the implementation of varied types of macroeconomic policies, the locate of productivity and performance of the employees enhanced but it decreased the creator of trade unions in these organizations. Due to which, the density of trade unions as well as the power of the members of the unions reduced that offered negative impacts over the productivity and brand value of the organization in the market among others. Other than this, as the rate of private sector organizations ar increasing rather than manufacturing sectors, the demand for trade or labour unions is decreasing in varied countries such(prenominal) as United States, United Kingdom, and European Union etc. Due to which, over last 25 years, the demand of trade unions is decreasing at a rapid rate (Visser, 2002, pp. 734-745).Trade union is value as an association of a wide range of wage-earned members in order to amplify the working conditions and living standard of the employee s of the organization. Other than this, the trade union is considered as the association that works for the welfare of the employees so as to amplify their dominance and position in the organization as compared to management. Moreover, it also tries to fulfil whole sorts of desires such as pension, medical allowance, incentives, and bonuses of the workers so as to motivate them towards the assigned tasks that may improve the overall productivity of the organization. However, the demand of trade unions is decreasing as the pith of private sector organizations such as catering, IT organizations etc is increasing at a rapid pace as compared to manufacturing organizations.The trade unions act as a accelerator pedal for the workers operating in different organizations. This is mainly because it works always in favour of the employees by highlighting their needs and requirements (Snell & Bohlander, 2010, pp. 812-823). Trade union members communicate with all the employees of the organi zation so as to analyse their requirements such as pensions,

The dreams of Immigration and the harsh realities of Immigration Essay

The dreams of Immigration and the harsh realities of Immigration Itself - Essay ExampleThe story explores immigration and its impact on pluralitys lives. Early man migrated from continent to continent in search of food, Balboa and Florinda migrated to the Northernish Empire for work. Crosthwaite uses many techniques to illustrate the parallel struggles of 14th century Latin America in comparison to 21st century Latin and North America, which is where the focus will remain. These struggles are comparative to all unalike purifications, through the adversities of immigration. The struggles for most immigrants merely dumbfound with the concept of being accepted and understood. Moving from one country to another is a very scary and exciting thing. Even in the current culture that we live in, we are judgmental of others merely based on the color of their skin, as Florinda experienced when Balboa took her to the hospital in their first meeting (Crosthwaite, p 12). This is but dishearte ning considering that Balboa lost his job because of his meeting and helping Florinda. This is only the beginning of the fears and anxieties that immigrants feel. Leaving behind everything they have fuckn, friends, family, life itself for a dream instills an extraordinary fear. Although they know in their hearts and souls that what they are doing is for the best, it is still difficult to take this action because of the overwhelming fears involved. The fears that immigrants have when it comes to migrating to another country are only exacerbated by the hatful that they encounter both on the journey and upon arrival. How quickly the people forget that they, too, descended from immigrants looking for a advance life in the Northernish Empire. It is not often that people migrate from one country to another for the sole purpose of the journey and the excitement of it. Often, the migration of people from one country to another develops over time. It generally begins when a country needs additional labor forces. Then, the laborer comes to, as an example, the U.S. through a guest worker program. This allows the migrant worker to come and go freely across the border to work. Although work is a primary reason for many people to migrate, it depends on each individuals characteristics and vary from person to person and daub to place (Rodriquez-Scott, 2002). Although the key reason for most people to migrate to another country is work, there are those that migrate for love, the dream of a better life, a better world, education and alienation. In The Moon Will Forever Be a Distant Love, Florinda and Balboa come together come out of the closet of love and move out of necessity. They head to the Northernish Empire so Balboa can find work. This is a true parallel to the current influx of migrant workers from Mexico, but also other countries more or less the globe. The two flee together in love, but soon discover that their differences are stark. It begins with Florinda que stioning Balboas religious beliefs, where they disagree and Florinda keeps at Balboa demanding a different answer than the one she keeps getting (Crosthwaite, p 50), and continues to the eventual end of the relationship. This parallel is a similar issue with immigrants to the U.S. as well. Although the U.S. is considered a melting pot, it still realizes onward motion of illegal immigration and racism on a daily basis. In 2001, Tyson Foods Inc. recruited illegals from Mexico to work in their U.S. plants. They were paid a pittance

Unit 9 Project Social Problems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 9 Project Social Problems - Research Paper ExampleCauses of domestic violence may be many which include the high consumption of alcohol by the henchman or some sort of mental illness. Since family violence is not restrain to just physical or oral harassment, it may also consist acts such as unlawful imprisonment, stalking, endangerment etc. Family violence is illegal and can be claimed under the different acts imposed by laws. According to the government, family violence is applicable despite the race, religion, culture or sexual differences. It simply defines the acts under which one partner holds power and control over the other forcefully. on that point atomic number 18 many types of family violence and the ones that exceed a certain limit may go to the dally under special orders (Wilson, 2005).The family violence is a social problem that may directly relate to two members of the family, one who is performing the violence and the other who is undergoing the violence. Th ere may be more than two members of the family who are undergoing the violence, but generally there may be only two. Most of the cases show that family violence is do by the husband onto the wife, and sometimes the children. Women have long been the victims of family violence. However, there may also be violence against men yet rare. The perspective of the partner perpetrating the knockdown-dragout acts may be many, but may not be justified.There are many theories that explain the cause of family violence. Some of the general characteristics of the perpetrator that are recorded may be the psychological theories, the mental or the social theories. These theories may include the theories in a wide range like the immaterial factors influencing the perpetrator as well. Psychological reasons explain the persons state of mind or behaviors such as sudden burst of anger, poor self-esteem and many other factors. Jealousy also causes anger and uncontrollable urge of taking violent actions. Jealousy often develops

Job analysis 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Job analysis 1 - Essay ExampleSeveral studies have explored the close link between think over analysis and company process and conclude that when the analysed lineages suit the employees well, they perform well in their jobs, and this translates to improved company performance in general (Cascio, 1998). It is essential that a job analysis to accurately identify the jobholders knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) because this would decide the operational effectiveness in the provision of quality performance of a worker (Safdar et al., 2010). Cascio (1995) claims that when organizations understand the KSA of their employees, it helps them plan for changes or seduce new jobs and recruit the qualified candidate accordingly so organizational goals are met. Cornelius et al. (1979) enumerated categories of job analysis methods. One is the undertaking-oriented approach wherein each job is scummy down into more basic units called tasks. The focus of analysis for this approach is the wo rk activity itself. Another is the worker-oriented job approach where the unit of analysis is not the task but the human behaviours involved in completing the work. Jobs are described by the processes undertaken by the workers. Third and last is the abilities-oriented approach proposed by Fleishman (1972, 1975). This approach focuses on the underlying abilities and aptitudes of the worker the qualities he possesses that make him suited for the job. For this particular job analysis project, it will fall under the abilities-oriented approach which corresponds to the competency-focused approach (Siddique, 2004). It will instal special attention to competencies such as interpersonal skills, conflict resolution skills, innovative thinking, flexibility, decision-making ability and self-motivation (Sherman et al., 1998 Dessler ,2003) (Siddique, 2004, p. 226). That is why it is important to analyse the jobholders skills as it applies to her job. This job analysis is for a secretary/ admin istrative assistant. The methods used were questions and self-reports based on standardized questionnaires taken by the jobholder. These evaluation questionnaires were part of the jobholders human choice training conducted recently. Its purpose was to evaluate the jobholders skills and its compatibility for her job and her future aspiration to be part of the sales team. The jobs she is currently holding as secretary/ administrative assistant as well as the job she wants in the future in sales both need skills in customer relations. The method of interview with the jobholder initiated the job analysis. I spent one afternoon talking with the jobholder, asking semi-structured questions about her work. Soon, she revealed her own self-analysis which will later be reconciled with the job analysis and if she is in the right job. Summary of Interview Job Description The jobholders work as a secretary doubles as the administrative assistant to 2 General Sales Managers. Her job description includes assisting her supervisors and the entire sales team of 48 taskforce to manage office administration procedures. Her general administrative duties include correspondence, invoicing, advertisements, calculation of timesheets, petty cash and office equipment maintenance and a full spectrum of secretarial duties. She

Bioinspired tough structures Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Bioinspired tough structures - Literature review ExampleTheir self-organization is also a contributing factor to the mechanical properties of biological materials together with the manner in which the structures be assembled at the molecular level.nacre is one of the iridescent layer order in most mollusk shells. It has a high amount of mineral that makes it tough and also stiff. The toughness of nacre is three times harder than its mineral constituents. Nacre has thus become a biomimetic model due to this property since it is the only material with an enormous amplification of its toughness.In this work, different bio-inspired materials shall be analyzed basing on the mechanical and structural properties. The development process of various types of artificial shell will also be analyzed. It is expected that Nacre mineral constituent are in microscopic polygonal tablets and has an ability to slide over one another when loaded under tension. This property has made nacre become a qua si-ductile material with significantly increased toughness and damage tolerance.Natural and biological materials can depict a considerable combination of stiffness, strength, toughness and even unkept weight which cannot be matched by artificial materials. For this reason, researchers are turning to nature for different design of artificial structures. The high-performance structural materials produced by nature inspires the scientist in the natural design. Also their ability to combine the building blocks and even amplify its properties (Xia, 2015).Nacre currently serves as a sole biomimetic model in the naked as a jaybird generation of composite materials. Nacre found in the mollusk shell serves to protect the soft body parts against the harsh environment and the predators. These shells are highly mineralized tissues with at least 95% of it being mineral content. As a result, they have high stiffness and hardness.

Case Study review on Metabolic Abnormalities in Early Psychosis Article

Case Study review on Metabolic Abnormalities in Early Psychosis - Article ExampleThese side-effects pose a challenge because of the extra jeopardy that they bring in as well as the possible non-compliance to prescription that may result when patients fear to take the medications because of their associated effects. The review looks at various look into articles that seek to understand the effect of antipsychotics in order to understand their relative effects and possible side-effects. The article reviews are also used in reservation decisions with regard to a case orbit of a patient under first-episode psychosis treatment using irregular antipsychotics and already showing side-effects. Introduction Psychosis treatment has relied on antipsychotics for a very long time. The first generation antipsychotics (FGAs) fell out of favoured use due to less effectiveness and a number of associated side-effects. They were replaced by gage generation antipsychotics (SGAs), which are more e ffective. The FGAs were linked to a number of side-effects including extrapyramidal reactions much(prenominal) as akathasia, tachycardia, tardive dyskinesia, impotence and seizures among many other. These side-effects have necessitated the use of other drugs such as anticholinergics in order to handle the resultant side-effects such as motor side effects. ... A number of researches have been conducted to determine the effects of irregular antipsychotics on abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism as well as weight gain, otherwise known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). The MetS denotes a combination of increase waist circumference and any of the following two abnormal conditions-a low high density lipoprotein level, hypertension, and high levels of serum triglycerides and/or fasting blood glucose. The fact that both generations of drugs present various side-effects poses greater challenge for practitioners trying to make decisions on which medication to apply in FPP cases. The d ilemma on typical versus uncharacteristic antipsychotics as well as whether to use atypical psychotics in FEP considering their potentially negative effects on diabetes and cardiovascular conditions makes this an interesting choice for review. The case study and articles review specifically reviews three research articles in relation to the case study in question. The first article reviews the development of metabolic abnormalities as a result of atypical antipsychotics on patients receiving these drugs for FEP through a cross sectional, naturalistic retrospective study. The articles objective is to develop recognition of the impact of atypical antipsychotics in developing metabolic abnormalities in young patients under FEP treatment. The second article examines results from a naturalistic and prospective study in which the effects of antipsychotic drugs on the development of MetS are monitored through the measurement of weight and serum levels of insulin, glucose and lipids. The t hird article delves into the issue of providing evidence that can support or take down the

Law and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law and Behavior - Essay ExampleThe emphasis is on constabulary, with the psychologists being used by the lawyers to enhance their operations. For instance if it is claimed that the person who has been accused is mentally unstable, the psychologist will be asked to give his expert opinion on this. He or she will have to carry out an analysis including psychological tests so as to come up with a conclusion on the persons mental state. A criminal lawyer can use the theories of psychological science so as to enhance his or her trial strategy (Ogloff and Schuller 1998). The main focus is on how the reasoned system can prep ar and adapt to the comprehension of psychologists in the law and in the legal system. The psychologists should also find ship canal of changing their work so as to meet the needs and requirements of the legal system. forensic psychologists have used it for a long period of time in the United States and it is only recently that the lawyers acknowledged their rele vance in the execution of rightness (Kapardis 2003). psychology and law interrelate in many ways and can benefit each other. Psychology can give better understanding of the conduct of criminals and sometimes it can show how a person can be rehabilitated. Psychologists may help the criminal lawyers because they assist in the selection of people who are suitable for acting as the jury. They are also a part of the analysis and presentation of evidence and arguments brought to the courts. Such matters like criminal law, procedures, insanity defense, decreased capacity, competency for trial relies a lot on the contributions of a qualified psychologist. The execution of law has been improved largely by the work of psychologists (Sherman & Hoffman 2007). Law and Psychology are two fields that have various contrasting fundamentals. According to Ogloff and Schuller, law is stare deices, while psychology is based on creativity. In law there are past cases and precedents, which are used as a foundation for the development of the legal arguments. The judges even make the rulings according to the legal precedents that were made years before. In contrast, the model adopted in psychology is one of innovation and creativity. Thus psychologists are encouraged to use new ways and ideas in their research and in dealing with their patients (Ogloff and Schuller 1998). While law is hierarchical, psychology is empirical. The decisions in the legal system are hierarchical and authoritative. The lower courts are agonistic by the rulings of the higher courts. On the other hand, psychology is the accumulation of consistent and supporting data. The data derived is used to confirm whether a claim or fix is valid or not. It is not based on an authoritative statement. (Ogloff and Schuller 1998) The law is reliant on the adversarial methods but psychology is dependant on experimental techniques. To evanesce the truth, in law, conflicting viewpoints are presented with each side putting f orward its best case. Prejudice and egotism are intrinsic part of law and they are both allowable and encouraged as the best procedures. Psychologists arrive at the truth by trying to understand a certain incident by means of the use of data gathering techniques. They try to reduce the bias and

Understanding of Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Understanding of Augustine - Essay ExampleThe natural malefic has no distinction with the human evil in the Gods treatment of evil. Human blames God partly for the prevailing evil due to the degree of freedom bestowed upon men by God. Rubenstein points appear that its Gods failure to allow for the rise of evil especially during the holocaust in Europe.The philosophical argument about the design of the world and the ecclesiastic of the world and due to the prevailing evils, it points out that there is flaw in both the design of the world and its designer, who is god. It expounds on the controversy of the existence of a holy, warmth and righteous God in which evil also exist. Its difficult to comprehend the existence of a benevolent, omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient God together with the evils on the cosmos (Abel, 72).Evil therefore presents many problems to the world. Its both difficult to argue and understand further the co-existence of Gods majesty with evil on the same co smos. Also, the evil has presented serious mystery in its relationship to the designer and design of

Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Evaluation - Essay ExampleThis impart require the audience to have basic knowledge on how relationships are make and maintained over the internet. Obviously, the readers volition be familiar real relationships and, hence they will be interested in the compare element of the evaluation. The audience is besides expected to prefer face-to-face relationships. Consequently, the readers expect an evaluation that condemns cyberspace relationships. Responses to issues of increased fraud and cybercrime will be highly appreciated by the audience. The audience will also prefer an evaluation that handles the problem from an impact approach. Credibility of information will also be a requirement for the evaluation. It is evident that the audience will be moved by statistical facts particularly those associated with a government agency. Visual aids such as charts and graphs will provide an excellent comparison of both relationships. A recent incident in which a woman named Miller was coned thou sands of dollars and valuables through an online dating site by a man who constitute as an Afghanistan based soldier, will be a sufficient motivation for my audience. The review will focus on both relationships from a non-partisan approach with the intentions of happen upon credible facts. Therefore, the readers should expect an evaluation that is solely composed facts, criticism and free of

International business news Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

internationalist business news - Article Exampleees of business organizations of Quebec, was quoted to state that businesses and workers in key Quebec industriesincluding fish and seafood, maple products, pork, aluminum and timber productsare counting on this agreement to expand their presence in the lucrative EU market. Furthermore, Quebecs world-leading expertise in sectors such as engine room and infrastructure will benefit greatly from preferred access to the EUs $2.3 trillion procurement market (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada , 2012, par. 2).The former(a) benefits that were noted include increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increasing job opportunities and employment a boost in bilateral trade and general improvement of the Canadian economy. The robust growth in Canadian economy was apparently stirred by free trade agreements with nine countries for the last 6 years. The list of countries that were reported to have had free trade agreements with Canad a are as follows Colombia Jordan Panama Peru the European Free Trade Association states of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland and, most recently, Honduras (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada , 2012, par. 7).Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada . (2012, March 16). Minister Fast Highlights Benefits of a Canada- European Union Trade Agreement for Quebec Workers and Businesses. Retrieved March 21, 2012, from

Kingship In Anglo saxon Britain Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kingship In Anglo saxon Britain - Term Paper ExampleThe kingdoms stood al hotshot for several centuries during which there occurred Christianization of the citizens. Before the 10th century, these kingdoms were rivals as their respective leading wanted to gain control over other kingdoms.However, it was the threats of possible Viking as well as Danish settlers invasion of the island of Britain that saw the unification of the seven kingdoms into one known as England under the hegemony of Wessex between the ninth and tenth centuries. With the unification and the formation of the new kingdom, an English medieval kingship that is still in use to ensure came into being. This kingship started with Alfred of Wessex and his succession line gave the English state substance2. The kingship acted as the institution, which had the maintenance of social order as its ultimate responsibility. A medieval king, one needed to take after delicate approaches that aimed to pay attention closely to the sensibilities of the locals in order to attain success. As such, different rulers of England employed codes that have differences and similarities at the same time. These codes have deceased a long way in defining the modes of leadership, the direction it takes, as well as the codes and laws of the generations of administration that followed them.Alfreds succession was unexpected with him having four senior(a) brothers, which meant that he was fifth in line of succession. However, with the deaths of all the older brothers, Alfred took the throne aged 21 at a time when the kingdom of Wessex was in contradict with the Danes and the Vikings as in all kingdoms in the British island at the time. However, his greatest battle was with the Danes with whom he delved into guerilla tactics and finally defeated them. He too resorted to dialogue when he realized that he could not remove the Danes from the island, with a few intermarriages occurring and even resulting in the conversion of the Danish king into

Energy Drinks Case Study Essay Example for Free

life force Drinks Case Study EssayThere are new coming items in drinking industry during the mid-2000s, which are aptitude drinks, sports drinks and Vitamin-Enhanced beverages. These items concentrate on on different flavors, specified consumers, efficient distribution systems, and products innovation in the beverage market. They compete with water, soft drinks, juices, tea, and other common drinks, which are in subaltern prices, full(a) and long history of brand re regulateation, easy to accept the taste. From 2005 until now, alternative beverages grow fast and control more and more market share in the whole world beverage market. The main alternative beverages companies are Coca Cola, PepsiCo, Red Bull and Hansen Natural Corporation. expertness drinks, spots drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages use many strategies to recall a good position in the beverage industry in the Global market, which also give us approximately ideas about how to operate beverage companies. F irstly, alternative beverages take the action via wider product selection, better product quality, good delivery system to gain sales and market share.For example, PepsiCo develops 12 flavors of Amp Energy drinks and 28 varieties of SoBe vitamin-enhanced drinks (Gamble, 2010, p. C-83). Again, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola through their own soft drinks distribution channels to deliver energy drinks at the same time, which reduce much time and equal. Secondly, energy drinks take big actions to enter emerging market opportunities, like close Asia countries and South America. For example, alternative beverages take 31. 5% market share in Asia-Pacific in 2009 (Gamble, 2010, p. C77).Thirdly, Energy drinks, spots drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages try to acquire or merge with other small companies to strengthen market standing and competitiveness. For instance, PepsiCo has a multiyear distribution agreement with Rockstar to distribute Rockstar energy drinks in the United States and Canada (Gamb le, 2010, p. C-83). Coca-Cola also has a multiyear distribution agreement with Hansen Natural Corporation to distribute Hansens Monster energy drink in some areas of the United States, Canada, and six European countries (Gamble, 2010, p.C-84).SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses * Healthier than traditional soda. * Global brands * New product development * Strong manufacturing and distribution capabilities * Strong assume of parent company * High price * Consumer limitation Opportunities Threats * Growing demand for healthy drinks * High growth developing markets * Cost reduction measures * Traditional drinks competitor which includes price and taste * Regulations and law * Health risks * Environment problem * New entrents.To solve weaknesses and threats, alternative beverages industry companies set up business models to match the node value and gain profit. Firstly, Energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages companies develop many different flavors to match diffe rent customers taste. Second, these companies also focus on different customers demands. Third, they sell products in many different locations, not only supermarkets, but also convenience stores and vending machines around every corner, which give convenient service to customers.Fourth, alternative beverage companies constantly try to follow the state law and regulations. Try to avoid risk ingredients. Fifth, to pretend the health risk, some companies placed warnings on their products labels. Sixth, because many people and organizations are focus on environment issues, alternative beverages plastic bottles and cans are really concern by these people. To solve this problem, beverage companies recycle plastic bottles and cans to keep pollution away.I also have some recommendations to alternative beverage companies to grow bigger and faster in the global market. First, try to make innovation on the local taste in different countries. Do research on peoples taste in various countries. McDonalds is a good example in promoting global market. McDonalds knows Indian people dont eat beef and pork and love spicy food, so McDonalds over there never have any product with beef or pork but with more spicy taste. Again, dont put sensitive ingredients in the drinks. People are more curious about health and drink ingredients.Many organizations are strict with it, in any case. Try to produce healthy and more nutritious drinks to the market. Moreover, drinks function attempts to everyone, but not only for a small group of people. Nowadays, teenage boys always buy energy drinks, people who do sports, fitness, or other strenuous activities bought sports drinks adult consumers are interested in buying vitamin-enhanced beverages (Gamble, 2010, p. C-77). What I recommend is alternative beverage companies should develop beverages suitable for most people.White collar can drink energy drinks sports people also suitable to buy some kinds of vitamin-enhanced beverages. Additionally, dont publicize the function too powerful. Some alternative drinks have some special effects, but not like what the advertisement said. If the company wants to operate for a long time running, it should be honest and act in good faith. Last but not least, incumbents of alternative drinks use strong brand preferences, high degrees of customer loyalty, significant cost advantages to keep new entrants out of the market.ReferencesGamble, John E. (2010). opposition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-77. Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-79. Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-83. Gamble, John E. (2010). Competition in Energy Drinks, sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages. Crafting Executing Strategy. p. C-84.

Cell Phones While Driving Essay Example for Free

Cell Phones While Driving EssayAre stall recalls desperate man driveway? Do you know hoy many deaths occur per year because of the cell phones? Everyday people die in car soliduss for using cell phones sequence driving. According to NSC. Org Drivers that use mobile phones are four times more likely to be involved in an accident. even off though some people think that hand-free set is safe but it still dangerous. People should avoid talking while driving those who defend the phone use often say that it makes no difference whether someone is talking on a phone or not. Some people who work opine on a cell phone like lawyers or businessmen. They always have to be avail open to answer the phone in order to get their business running. However, their habits can create dangerous situations like a collision or an accident. Business issues can be stressful and hazardous while driving because it can cause emotional reactions that can lead to tragedies. Do to the fact that while t hey talk with someone of their coworkers they might get upset and this can pass up their driving ability that can chief to lose control over the car.If people do not make the decision to leave aside their cell phones their routine can harm innocent people. Like mentioned before, other people say that hands-free set is safety. However, hands-free devices do not eliminate the risk of causing an accident and even worsen it by suggesting that the fact of using it is safe. Researches from the state Department of Transportation, show records that using headset can be as dangerous as holding a phone because the conversations distracts drivers from focusing on the road.Scientists had proven that people talking over the phone image person who they talking to and that does not interfere with driving. The worry is when a car swerves unexpectedly or pedestrian step into traffic, and the mind lacks the processing power to react in time. So the problem is not in holding the wheel and cell phon e at the same time the cause is the lack of reaction at the particularly time People in favor of the use cell phones, say that it is a good option to do it in case of an emergency.However, I believe that it is a wrong thought. It is an partiality of safety because when people need them, the most their cell phones r they can not either reach them or find them because they could be stuck or inexplicable in some part of the car. People shouldnt fully depend on cell phones owing to that fact that they are not reliable the trusty etymon for the difficult situation it could be OnStar. Which is a service that in case of an accident or an emergency will contact you.If you are not able to answer, they will contact the police department, the hospital or the fire service. Therefore, nowadays cell phones are unnecessary devices because they are unreliable in emergency situations while you are in a car accident. In conclusion, I think drivers should be more conscious about using the cell phon e while driving. As I said it earlier hand-free device is not safety at all, because requires the brain to be multitask. If drivers do not give up cell-phones the total of mortalities on the roads will continue to increase.

Ideological underpinnings of a movie Essay Example for Free

Ideological underpinnings of a word picture EssayAn expectation has arisen among conduct-critics and audiences, that movie-makers leave deal with the serious issues, such as racism and violence, at a serious level. In other words, it is expected by critics and carry-goers alike that requires will digest meaning. However, if meaning is expected what precisely creates and communicates meaning in a film? As Louis Giannetti points out in his book, Understanding Movies (2008), the presence of ideology in a film impacts the film in its entirety, from banknote to theme. In Giannettis estimation, ideology is another language system in film and this language is largely conveyed through encipher (Giannetti, 453). In order to help illustrate the way that ideology influences films, Giannetti offers a series of categories into which the influence of ideology in film can be functionally divided. The following discussion of the film ccc (2007) will use Giannettis ideas as a support-st ructure to show how meaning in film is ultimately determined by the films prevailing ideology.In any discussion of meaning in film, it will be in-chief(postnominal) to distinguish between what might be considered overt or even propagandistic meaning and thematic or expressive meaning. Of course this distinction is quite artificial and the twain hypothetically divided types of meaning atomic number 18 often star and the same. That said, there is often a conspicuous difference between a film which has an explicit propagandistic agenda than a film which is based on generating thematic and emotional subtlety. The movie ccc offers, even to the almost casual viewer, an archetype of what Giannetti calls Explicit ideology (Giannetti, 449).In this category of ideologic content, a movie serves, at least partially, as obvious propaganda for a viewpoint or cause. That three hundred functions as a form of propaganda is easily arguable. However, it is or so more difficult to pinpoint exac tly what specific cause or theme is being forwarded by the films ideology. In order to determine the films ideological bearing, juxtaposed attention must be paid to its content and its artistic aroma. Giannetti mentions that tone in a film can be one of the most grave aspects of presenting the films ideology.What Giannetti means by tone is its manner of presentation (Giannetti, 489). For example, in the movie three hundred, any number of important scenes, if played with a comic rather than a heroic tone, would create a different response in the viewer and therfore communicate a different ideological vision. Imagine the scene where Leonidas kicks the Persian courier down the well if the well had sounded out a loud burp after swallowing the messenger, the tone of the scene would have mocked the idea of knockout conceit and Spartan loyalty rather than celebrating it.The reason that tone is so important in a film is that it defines the way the audience will evaluate and judge the characters and scenes of a film. Because as Giannetti insists, Tone can strongly affect our responses to a given set of values (Giannetti, 489), tone is closely connected to ideology and theme. In the example given above, Leonidas kicks the Persian messenger down the well and this scene is presented in a heroic tone. From the outset of the film, the viewer is cued-in to understand that the Spartans are heroic and that they keep in line from a experience of pride and fearlessness.The tone of heroicism is conveyed not only through the action of the scene, but through the stylized representation of the characters as muscle-bound heros. The Mise-en-scene of the film is connected to the visual color-schemes of comic books and graphic novels. The brain of legend permeates the film, as it permeates the actual historical event. Therefore, the most dominant or controlling tone of three hundred can be considered heroic. The fact that a movie has a controlling tone does not mean that oth er types of tones are not present in isolated scenes.In fact, the opposite is generally the case. The shifts against the dominant tone also help to convey meaning and ideology in a film. If the controlling tone of 300 is heroic, then the scenes that play against this dominant tone, such as the scene where Theron screw ups Queen Gorgo, serve to reinforce the films dominant tone and ideology. When Theron tells the Queen she will not enjoy what is going to happen to her, the tone of the scene is tragic rather than heroic, and Therons status as a villain is cemented in the audiences minds.The scene, by depicting graphically, the rape of Spartas Queen reinforces the heroic sacrifice of Leonidas and his men. Another aspect of films that influences ideological language is the cultural mount in which a given film is made and shown. ethnical context is a crucial aspect of a films ideological meaning. The expectations of a given audience rest on the fact that Every nation has a characterist ic way of looking at life, a set of values that is typical of a given culture (Giannetti, 465). The movie 300 is an the Statesn movie made for American audiences. ecause of this it would be hard for anyone to miss the obvious connections between contemporary world-events and the ideological themes that are shown in the movie. Comparisons with recent events are more or less easy. Any observer could see the present-day war against terrorism as a stand for freedom and to view the Battle of Thermopylae as a sort of allegory for the modern-day struggle against tyranny. Obviously, the movie 300 forwards this connection through the pleasing of code that Giannetti describes.Still, as Dennis Behreandt points out in his review of the film from The New American (2007) the movie serves to buttress the American mythos that our present-day warriors are likewise fighting for freedom in Iraq and also that this is most evident in the scene where Gorgo addresses the Gerousia, the Spartan Senate whe n her speech could only remind any aware person of the recent troop surge in Iraq (Behreandt). This kind of cultural context would, obviously, be of less significance to someone who lived out side of the U. S. han to someone steeped in to American values. In supplement to the cultural context of a film, there is usually a predominant political context. The political context of a film, for Giannetti, can loosely be divided into one of two categories left and right. Left-leaning films are those that show multiple viewpoints to issues and propose more flexible responses to issues and problems. Giannetti describes leftists as people who believe we ought to be flexible in our judgments. By contrast, right-leaning film-makers are those who embrace a more stringent world-view.The rightist film-maker is more absolute in judging human behavior Right and wrong are pretty clear-cut and ought to be evaluated according to a strict code of conduct (Giannetti, 457). In the case of 300, the de signation of Rightest is, obviously, the most fitting for the film due to its tone and cultural perspective. Loosely, according to the discussion above, the following observations about 300 can be made in light of Giannettis criteria for evaluating the ideological underpinnings of films.First, that 300 is a film that relies predominantly on a heroic tone. Second, the film 300 depends on the specific cultural associations of American society to find its full ideological impact. Third, that 300 represents a Rightest political ideology. The three conclusions, taken together, along with the initial determination that 300 is an explicit communicator if ideology, beg the question as to whether or not 300 is more a vehicle for entertainment or propaganda.One of the opposing aspects to this idea is the fact that 300 is based on history. The idea that historical reality balances out the poetic licesne often taken by Hollywood regarding tone and presentation is one that, for better or worse, many film-goers probably believe. In addition to the idea that a culture could exert such self-discipline in its military caste and instill within each soldier a sense of bravery and fearlessness was a very powerful concept in 300 , which seems to resonate deeply with modern times.It is hard not to be hypnotised by the Spartans, to wonder what made them as strong and resolute a they were and to wonder just as Xerxes What kind of men were these Spartans who in three eld had slain before his Majestys eyes no fewer than twenty thousand of His most valiant warriors? (Pressfield, 8). However, the fact shades of realism exist within the largely stylized or expressionistic flavor of the film only serves to elevate its power to transmit equally stylized (or stereotyped) ideologies.For example, the difference between vanity and pride seemed to have a great deal of influence on the Spartan conception of bravery as it was portrayed in the movie 300. Modern-day leading would never think of putting themselves in direct danger like King Leonidas his pride rather than his vanity dictated his actions and pride stems from a sense of civic (or national) unity. Loyalty is another important concept in the movie. It becomes the central most important idea, given that Spartan military power evolved out of the phalanx, which postulate the utmost loyalty and steadfastness of each warrior in the unit as a whole.The idea that a Greek traitor showed the Persians another path, which enabled them to come expatiate behind and encircle the Greeks and that this ultimately led to the wholesale destruction of the Spartans at Thermopylae shows how important loyalty was to the Spartans. After Leonidas is killed his men fought on with redoubled peevishness under the Persian arrows, as much to defend the fallen body of their King from the savagery of the barbarians as to show their valor (THE GREATEST WARRIORS).The historical introduction of the film is incorporated into the larger and m ore important myth of the movie that is conveyed in heroic tones that simplify historical subtleties and create a fictional ikon of idealism. Therefore, the fact that realism in films can be construed into a propagandistic function, is the reality that filmmakers, and especially American filmmakers, are subject to the prejudices and blind-spots which are inherent to the companionable position they occupy and to which they owe their ability to make high-profile films.Elizabeth G. Traubes Dreaming Identities Class, Gender, and Generation in 1980s (1992) offers background to the mores and machinations of the filmmaking industry in America and her observations are important for dread that movies are, in fact, propagandistic and often they represent the experience of only a very small segment of American society. This narrowness is obscured, according to Traube, downstairs a veneer which can be thought of as a traditional moralistic package.Traube points out that, in reality, audienc e preferences are only one of many factors that influence production decisions. Producers also shape their work to conform to dominant sensibilities and values, including those of the producing community itself (Traube, 69). This reality combined with Traubes complex but insightful understanding of fairy-tale motifs in movies is crucial to elucidating the way that anger and racial conflict are expressed propagandistically in film.All fables rely on a straightforward, linear fib due to the fact that complex stories tend to obscure the thrust of the intended moral. Because the author of any fable is able to transform topical news and political relation into universal predicaments (Haggiss Fable 38), a fable carries with it the dangerous connotations of stereotype and oversimplification. The movie 300 stands as an heroic statement about the importance of protecting acquaintance and freedom.The ideological mental object that bravery and loyalty are essential aspects of preserving fre edom and rather than Sparta, now it is America that faces the threat from Persia and by telling this story so forcefully and with so much passion the film embrace the mythos of the battle rather than the historical truth of the era, which is strongly conveyed in the film. (Behreandt). The ideological underpinnings of the movie 300 are based in a rightist, conservative set of political values that celebrate military capacity and force of strength. he films ideological message is one of social and civic duty as well as xenophobia.The film is geared toward an American audience in a time when America faces military challenges on several fronts and as such plays to the expectations of its audience. The tone of the film is heroic and its political ideology is conservative. The most logical conclusion that can be drawn from these facts is that, as mentioned by Giannetti, the ideological language of the film emerges as the most important aspect of the film as a whole.Further, the code that is employ in the movie is comprised of historical truths and cultural stereotypes. The film blurs the line between entertainment and propaganda. It is accurate to suggest that the film, stripped of its propagandistic functions, would cease to exist. The unity of the film, in terms of narrative, editing, staging, costuming, scene construction and even music is derived more from a unity of ideology than from a unity of style or form.The movie follows a traditional fairy-tale arc of narrative to reinforce an already existing set of ideologies in its expected audience. Therefore, the best way in which to interpret the movie 300 is the method demonstrated by Giannetti that isolates and categorizes the ideological code of a film and makes the ideological language much more understandable for the average film-goer.

The History and Different Critiques of Critical Pedagogy

The History and Different Critiques of little PedagogyThe literature of detailed commandment is in truth broad indeed and contains dense in spurtation. In fact, the political perspective of tiny program force towards the curriculum contri moreoveres much to creating abundant scholarships in the field. In addition, as some(prenominal)(prenominal) authors perceive, over captious education lacks a set of definite principles which makes the process of setting a unified definition of its premises so ch all in allenging. Still, the implementation of aspects of comminuted training in the schoolroom setting can seduce wide scale results on the program line process as a whole. accordingly, it is important to give a brief examination of the literature of critical precept, an analysis of its core principles, and an investigation of the critique directed against its assumptions.By virtue of humanity critical, critical pedagogy and critical idea sh atomic number 18 some comm on grounds. However, despite the knowence of the critical stance in both disciplines, in that respect be broad differences in the midst of them. hotshot of these differences is related to the expectation of action in each discipline. In its emphasis on analysis and deep interpretation, critical thinking does non necessitate all action to achieve social change. On the other hand, the principles of critical pedagogy aim at creating a social action that comes mainly by educational physical exertions. Another important difference has to do with the scope of interest of each discipline. Critical thinking is, by definition, individualistic and largely ignores the collective relations. Critical pedagogy, on the other hand, is more have-to doe with with corporate action that is why, as Burbules and Berk suggest, in critical pedagogy individual cruciality is intimately linked to social criticality (55-56).Critical pedagogy might also be thought of as an extension of critical theor y. Both critical theory and critical pedagogy implement their strategies with military position at obliterating the hegemonic collective standards and paradigms. However, critical pedagogy is different from critical theory in the fact that it is mainly an educational philosophy that reacts towards the oppressive dodgings in the educational arena. The primary concern of critical pedagogy in this aspect is with issues that have to do with maintaining equal opportunities and establishing dialogical mode of discourse. As Burbules and Berk put it in the spoken communication of critical pedagogy, the critical person is unmatchable who is em plyed to seek justice, to seek emancipation (50). Collins also describes the framework of critical pedagogy as being realistically involved in enlarging the sites within our institutions where genuine, noncoercive conference and reasonable opposition to oppressive bureaucratic controls can emerge (63).This proves that critical pedagogy involves a n entirely unused orientation that departs from traditional warnings of education and embraces a number of principles that may not be familiar in the generic pedagogic systems. The basic characteristic that separates critical pedagogy from other approaches is its celebration of social justice and emancipation. In addition, a critical approach to pedagogy is distinguished by an emphasis on dialogic interactions with view at giving equal opportunities for all voices. Critical pedagogy values the students experiences and locates these experiences at the centre of the learning process.The mission of critical pedagogy is more mazy than it seems to be, and its scope encompasses a plethora of pedagogical approaches and arranges. In Life in Schools An Introduction to Critical Pedagogy in the Social Foundations of Education, McLaren points out that critical pedagogy aims at investigating, questioning and changing the relationship among different factors in the learning experience. These factors include classroom teaching, the structure of the school, and the social relations with the community. This imposes a great labor on the critical pedagogue as he has to take into account a wide range of social and educational variables in his work (26-28).Critical pedagogy has its roots in Paulo Freire who is generally considered to be the inaugural philosopher of critical pedagogy (McLaren, Paulo 1). Although at first Freire dedicated his efforts to issues related to literacy in Brazil, his philosophy expand gradually to embrace a cornucopia of social and educational issues that have been the object of criticism. In Pedagogy of Freedom Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage, Freire pointed out that what he called for was not merely a pedagogical method kinda, it was a strategy of living within the educational system (67).McLaren observes that the bottom-line of Freires pedagogy is to establish a non-hegemonic approach that is establish on dialogue and interaction (McLaren, Paulo 2). This egestly shows the political dimensions of Freires philosophy. Freire actually stressed the importance of incorporating social and political critiques in the curriculum. This explains why his approach promotes a liberatory form of education that emphasizes emancipation and rejects all forms of oppression and domestication.In The Politics of Education, Freire maintains that the learning process should take into setting two essential dimensions. The first is the mise en scene of authentic dialogue between learners and educators (49). The dialogue allow for empower students to move toward becoming knowing subjects and they will develop a relationship with the teacher in which one knowing subject is face to face with other knowing subjects (49). For Freire, by employing authentic dialogue in the teaching process, education becomes pedagogy of knowing rather than an experience of narration sickness (Freire, Oppressed 57).However, Freire warns that the dialogic process should not be reduced to simple to-and-fro questions that may also become tedious and sterile. Instead, there should be a focus on creating interaction between students and teachers in problematizing knowledge. In this regard, it is the responsibility of the teacher to inspire students to move forward within this critical practice (Freire, Freedom 80).The second dimension that should be considered in the learning process is the social realities in which students live. Freire states that authentic thinking, thinking that is concerned about the world is concerned with reality, and does not take place in ivory tower isolation, but all in communication (Freire, Oppressed 64). This suggests that earning should be connected to the realities of students lives. Otherwise, by ignoring these realities, educators will be creating di reveries that make difficult the construction of our ideals of change and transformation (Freire, Freedom 55).A very influential concept in Freires philosophy is that of praxis. Freires praxis, which delineates critical reproof and action, entails the application of educational practices and philosophies to create a better educational experience. To this end, students should be viewed as active participants in the teaching process and in the formulation of teaching methods. They are engaged in what Simon calls a transformative critique of their everyday lives (Simon, Teaching 60). The teachers role here resides in encouraging students to get involved in reflection factor on their worlds so as to assist them in engaging in critical consciousness.For Freire, the development of critical consciousness in the student can be attained by means of implementing what he called the problem-posing model of education. Freire proposed this model as a counterpart to the banking system of education dominating the educational institutions. He asserts that the banking system fosters supremacy and oppression, whereas the problem-posing mode promotes liberat ion and democracy. He goes on to claim that whereas banking education anesthetizes and inhibits creative power, problem-posing education involves a unending unveiling of reality. The former attempts to maintain the duck hunting of consciousness the latter strives for the emergence of consciousness and critical intervention in reality. (Freire Oppressed 68).Freires philosophy of education was adopted and modified by various writers. The most(prenominal) prominent figure in this aspect is Ira Shor, who was mainly influenced by Freire. In his Critical Teaching and Everyday Life, Shor criticizes the institutionalized modes of education which involve monarchal approaches. He demonstrates that these traditional systems have restricted students from contributing to the learning processes. He calls for implementing learning activities that are democratic in constitution. These activities are set against the notions of education that students have from their previous experiences within the traditional pedagogical system. The democratic methods of teaching would change the role of students from passive to active critical subjects in which they become active participants in their deliver learning (111-113).Shor also pointed out some of the limitations of Freires assumptions. Examining the applicability of the Freirean philosophy, he stressed the difficulties involved in implementing the principles of this philosophy within the classroom setting. In his When Students confirm Power, he potently make dos that despite the benefits gained from the implementation of the assumptions of critical pedagogy these assumptions do not go smoothly when turned into practice in the context of classroom environment (56).However, Freire responded to this claim when he stressed the fact that his educational philosophy was not merely a collection of strategies that could be implemented in all educational environments. Rather, different educational practices should be adapted dependi ng on each individual context. Freire acknowledged that pedagogy is influenced by ideology and since ideologies vary a lot, the existence of a single philosophy of critical pedagogy is not practical. Hence, one cannot speak of pedagogy but must speak instead of pedagogies which respond to grouchy necessities, interests and conditions (Gaudiano and de Alba 128).The challenges of reaching a definite conception of critical pedagogy brought about different approaches to the philosophy by umpteen writers. bell hooks, for example, supports Freire in promoting the link between theory and practice in order for the student to be the center of the teaching process. However, she does not employ Freires concept of critical pedagogy. Rather, she has introduced what she calls engaged pedagogy. She defines it as a system that combines anticolonial, critical, and feminist pedagogies for interrogating biases in curricula that reinscribe systems of domination while simultaneously providing new wa ys to teach diverse groups of students (qtd. in Florence 10). A central feature of this model is the repudiation of the use of sophisticated language a learn feature of traditional educational methods that creates barriers between students and teachers.Roger Simon has introduced another significant approach to critical pedagogy which he calls pedagogy of fortuity. In his Empowerment as a Pedagogy of Possibility Simon contends that proposing pedagogy is also proposing a political ideology. Hence, this model of pedagogy aims at enabling a particular moral project, a particular not yet of how we might live our lives together (372). He stresses the fact that such a pedagogy will require forms of teaching and learning linked to the goal of educating students to take risks, to struggle with ongoing relations of power, to critically appropriate forms of knowledge that exist outside their immediate experience, and to envisage versions of a world that is not yet in order to be able to alt er the grounds upon which life is lived (375). alike(p) Freire, Simon stresses the importance of not looking at his ideas as mere abstractions. Rather, they should be put into practice in all educational environments. Teachers who would implement the principles of the pedagogy of possibility must not expect a guideline for techniques to be adopted, but rather approach such a task strategically, locally and contextually formulating practice within an integrated moral and epistemological stance (Simon, Teaching 58). This will lead to a possibility for creating counterdiscursive activity that attempts to provoke a process through which people might engage in a transformative critique of their everyday lives (60).The complexities inherent in critical pedagogy have given rise to many critiques of its principles and assumptions. The scope of the criticism directed against critical pedagogy is so vast that it includes critiques from disciplines such as feminism, and postcontemporaneousness . It is of high importance to shed light on some these critiques directed against critical pedagogy in order to identify the potential challenges in implementing its practices in classroom environment.The first critique to be considered is that which comes from the very nature of critical pedagogy itself. Critical pedagogy inherently requires a constant investigation of its principles and practices. In this aspect, Giroux and McLaren contend that many current trends in critical pedagogy are embedded in the endemic weaknesses of a theoretical project overly concerned with developing a language of critique. Critical pedagogy is steeped in a posture of moral indignation toward the injustices reproduced in American public schools. Unfortunately, this one-sided emphasis on critique is matched by the lack of theoretical and virtual(a) discourse upon which to ground its own vision of society and schooling and to shape the direction of a critical praxis (32).In her The Struggle for Pedagog ies Critical and libber Discourses as Regimes of Truth, Jennifer bloodbaths critique of critical pedagogy is based on her contention that there are two distinct versions within critical pedagogy she identifies these versions accord the prominent figures who most contributed to the philosophy of each strand. The first version contributes to what she calls pedagogical practice. She suggests that Freire and Shor represent this strand of critical pedagogy which offers concrete suggestions and examples taken from their own pedagogical practice, and which is intended to help other educators (40).Gores criticism is directed against the other approach which she calls pedagogical project. This approach is represented in the contributions of many significant pedagogues, mainly Giroux and McLaren. Gore claims that their approach relies heavily on an abstract political vision and should not be called critical pedagogy, but critical educational theory (42). She goes on to argue that the major shortcoming of such an approach resides in its cash in ones chipsure to delineate a set of practices for classroom teaching. As a result, their pedagogy might be seen to restrict its audience to those readers who have the time, energy, or inclination to struggle with it and, in so limiting its audience, it subsequently limits its political potential (38).Essentially, Gores criticizes the fact that such critical pedagogues tend to focus on abstract theories that lack the potential for implementation. As an example, Gore cites the concept of mandate, which is a key principle in critical pedagogy. at heart the pedagogical project model, the concept of empowerment has been confined to extreme abstraction that forces teachers to be the agents of empowerment, without providing much in the way of tangible guidance for that work (Gore, What 66). Hence Gore calls for creating guidance for teachers so that principles of critical pedagogy can be translated into reality.However, Gore does not call for creating recipes for educational practices. Rather, she contends that theorists of critical pedagogy should take into consideration the context of the educational process instead of merely adhering to a unified theoretical stress (Gore, What 67). As mentioned above, Freire himself rejected an essentialist view of critical pedagogy and called on teachers to adapt the learning process to the context of students experiences. In this regard, a great responsibility lies on teachers in determining the methodologies appropriate for each particular context.Similarly, Elizabeth Ellsworth employs a feminist perspective to refute any essentialist interpretation of critical pedagogy. She goes on to claim that even the term critical is a repressive myths that perpetuates relations of domination and hides the actual political agendas namely antiracism, antisexism, anti-elitism, anti-heterosexism, anti-ableism, anti-classism, and anti-neoconservatism (93). She also believes that the orists of critical pedagogy have failed to launch any meaningful analysis of or program for reformulating the institutionalized power imbalances between themselves and their students, or of the essentially paternalistic project of education itself (98).Moreover, Ellsworth develops a deconstructionist critique of critical pedagogues. She claims that these pedagogues are implicated in the very structures they are trying to change (101). She criticizes the fact that much of the literature of critical pedagogy is the work of the dominant white middle class men. She goes on to argue that a relation between teacher/student becomes voyeuristic when the voice of the pedagogue himself goes unexamined (104).In his Elements of a Post-liberal Theory of Education, Bowers basic criticism resides in his claim that, in a way, critical pedagogy enforces the assumptions and values of Western metaphysics. Although he promoted the contributions of Freire and his followers, Bowers believes that Freires model emphasizes the modernist way of thinking, and thus it reinforces Western values and principles. For Bowers, all Freires pedagogy is based on Western assumptions about man, freedom, progress, and the part of the rational process (127). He claims that the problem with Freires position is not that he advocates critical reflection but that he makes it the only legitimate source of knowledge and authority (129).Although Freires emphasis on dialogue as a basic component of the educational process has been praised as a democratic strategy, Bowers criticizes the very notion of using dialogue as a tool for emancipation. He contends that relying on dialogue in this aspect shifts the locus of authority from that of community and tradition to the individual who unifies thought and action in a new praxis (129). This focus on the individual on the expense of other collective concerns has lead to the failure of critical pedagogy in addressing issues related to ecology and the nature of the world. As he puts it, The problems of inequality and restricted individual empowerment are not nearly as important as the cultural roots of our alienation from nature. Regardless of how our agenda for social reform is framed, the bottom line has to do with reversing the global ecological deterioration we are now witnessing (159).A very important critique of critical pedagogy that should be highlighted here is that which comes from a postmodern perspective. In their Dialogue across Difference Continuing the Conversation, Burbules and Rice explore the postmodern critique of critical pedagogy. The authors start their line of descent by suggesting that there are two versions of postmodernism that hold different positions relative to modernism itself (397). They call these two versions postmodernism and antimodernism.The authors suggest that a basic characteristic of postmodernism is that it goes beyond the norm but at the same time accepts the basic significance of the tradition it pro poses to go beyond (397). They cite Giroux and McLaren as examples on postmodern critics who relish some key democratic assumptions of modernism and yet go beyond them. Antimodernism, on the other hand, defines itself as the antithesis of modernism and is characterized by a strong antipathy to the language, issues, and values of modernism (398). The authors criticize this strand and assert that having deconstructed all metanarratives and radically relativized all possible values, antimodernism is left with no clear way of justifying any alternatives (398).The different positions of postmodernism and antimodernism account for the differ views related to the relationship between critical pedagogy and postmodernism. In this regard, some writers strongly believe that critical pedagogy is far from incorporating the premises of postmodernism. In ruminative Teaching in the Postmodern World A Manifesto for Education in Postmodernity, Parker holds the view that many critical educational p ractices involve some modernist assumptions and fail to account for a genuine understanding of the process of knowledge construction from a postmodern perspective (16).Similarly, there are other feminist and postmodernist writers who assert that some strands of critical pedagogy do not address such issues which are of high importance in the field. In her Freire and a womens liberationist Pedagogy of Difference, Weiler explores the conflict she perceives between the modernist orientations of critical pedagogy and postmodernism. As a feminist writer arguing from a postmodern perspective, she claims that her goal is to retain the vision of social justice and transformation that underlies liberatory pedagogies (450). She suggests that the universal goals of liberation do not directly analyze the contradictions between conflicting oppressed groups or the ways in which a single individual can experience oppression in one sphere while being privileged or oppressive in another (450).Accordi ngly, Weiler believes that the theory that calls for the existence of universal experience of oppression does not take into account the specific contexts of the classroom experience. Hence the focal point of her argument resides in redefining the collective experience in the context of historically defined struggles (Weiler 451). In this regard, Weiler claims that Freire ignored the existence of diverse experience of oppression hence she calls for a more situated theory of oppression and subjectivity, and for the need to consider the contradictions of such universal claims of truth or process (456).Weiler argues for a feminist-postmodern approach to confront the deficits in Freires philosophy of pedagogy. In this regard, she delineates three major issues where this process can be implemented. She names these as the role and authority of the teacher, the claims for knowledge and truth in face-to-face experience, and the question of difference. Weiler concludes by asserting that the existence of different approaches in this arena does not necessitate abandonment of the goals of social justice and empowerment, but it does make clear the need to recognize contingent and situated claims and to acknowledge our own histories and selves in process (470).On the other side of the spectrum, there are many writers who strongly believe that critical pedagogy strongly incorporates some aspects of postmodernism. In Critical Crosscurrents in Education, Collins sheds light on this link between critical pedagogy and postmodernism as he suggests that, like critical pedagogy, postmodernist critical discourse is about the struggles for power to be heard about the empowerment of other voices (76). In the same vein, Pinar et al. suggest that there is a possibility for developing a strand of pedagogy that engages in some postmodern principles. This version of pedagogy goes beyond the issues of oppression and suffering that are merely viewed from a class- struggle perspective (305). Other writers share the same view and contend that the philosophy of Freire and other critical pedagogues does incorporate some postmodern dimensions. Most of these writers approach this issue through dividing Freires writing into different phases, stressing that the postmodern orientations appear in his later work. Peters, for example, suggests that there are some postmodern ideas that can be clearly seen in Freires later work. These ideas include Freires emphasis on textuality, subjectivity, experience and culture in addition to his own interpretation of oppression and power (117).Similar to Peters, Roberts asserts that in order to locate the modernist inclinations in Freires writing we should look at Freires work as a whole, and not to focus on his writings during the first stage of his work. Roberts contends that Freire did promote some postmodern techniques in confronting all forms of oppression. He also highlights Freires confrontation with postmodern critics, peculiarly in h is later writing. Roberts examination of this issue concluded in his contention that Freire argues for what he called progressive postmodernism. Freire has stressed the fact that educators should challenge modern ways of thinking through becoming more tolerant, open and forthright, critical, curious, and humble (112).Clearly, the above argument proves that any attempt to come up with a clear-cut definition of critical pedagogy is utterly challenging. As mentioned above, there are multiple approaches to critical pedagogy, and there are also variables from other disciplines that are easily accommodated in this literature. every(prenominal) this results in creating critical pedagogies rather than one definite and universally- accepted form of critical pedagogy. These critical pedagogies are always involved in a constant process of redefinition and change, thus imposing great challenge on pedagogues in this regard.Despite these variations and challenges, teachers are always urged to go beyond the mere theoretical background of critical pedagogy. The process of theorizing without action creates no change and goes against the objectives of critical pedagogy. Teachers must promote an integrated approach of theory and practice, or what Freire called praxis. In other words, they should severely consider the potential for implementing the premises of critical pedagogy in the teaching process.This implementation should go beyond the mere adherence to an essentialist view of a critical pedagogical methodology. Teachers should attempt, to the best of their abilities, to locate the teaching process within the realities of students lives. They should take into account the various variables, realities and experiences pertinent to students lives. Hence, they should adapt their techniques according to the specific variables pertinent to the context in which they work.The critique directed against critical pedagogy maximizes the need for this constant action on the part of tea chers. In addition to adapting their educational tools to the classroom context, teachers are exhorted to encourage the involvement and empowerment of the students. Without putting the assumptions, principles and paradigms of critical pedagogy into practice, teachers run the risk of going within the traditional mainstream models of education. As Bahruth and Steiner beautifully put it in our profession we have two choices we can succumb to the mainstream and become programmed toward deskilling our intellect, or we can become critical pedagogues and liberate ourselves and those who choose to join in the dialogue (143).